Process for removing defective surfaces of steel bars.



S' SUEACES 0F STEEL BARS,

.d IILED JULY l. MMSI 2 8HEETS-SEEET 2.

WAC one o 'PRCESS 1re" o, New fee-r1, Lize-Kaefer? A, New Yom; a oer-.Peizeieai or NEW YORK.

E025?. BEMGVIG DEEECTJ'E SURFACES OF STEEL BLBS.

Application filed July l, lOl-N.

T0 @ZZ whom z' may Concern ie it .known "ahah i, Tiiozife Ei, ix'rrii a citizen of the United Qtate, residing Bui'ial: in ihe enmity oi' Erie a 'f 'la' have invented 'new i3 faces Steei Ears, oi" which i.; a speeilieatieii. ioi'i eonsie-'zs in a new process for treating the har seei for 'railroad rails, whereby the condition ef ehe rails is much improved. reir ii'e prole ged and the mimi soaiziiig pir .phere pryaile, a than a iiieli 0.1M

thinner by "e, ished rail in degreel' oiihiekness 'from l/'lOO to l/ inch er deeper, and is a source of Weakness, il; is eviden@v iliat it would be much heiter if the rait i is put in the track, emild `present if; the wheel loads the h heet carbon ma termi, surface hardened' by the relli g aegiwii. Furthermore as the shape is rolled z. :leveiop in this skin extending inagiuadineliy and Substantially parellei, .from a ifraeion e5 an inch to eighcfor ien inches er eossihiy mere in ierigh. 'iheee seams redire undoubiedly io the Weak condition of maier shell of 1the ingoia., which may he ef: .ed iii various: ways.' ii the iiigo eehams `blow-holes at or meer the surface, tl'iey will open duriiuT the heating and rolling and .wili het Je eritireiy veli i during the rolling. Possibly eeaieqnay he roiled in, possibly when the blowheles are .ered diere is instantaneously 'formed a were @md Oi armi, 'which prevents T i v 1 w we fini. Whaiew er may ne h hause,

are ahy-eye presen iii the ieee eiheri,

f:herv sur'aces of rolli speciea'tien of Letters fxeteiit. Ta-enig@ Eig@ j 5, gvgio f No. 707

their eiiecfs is of minor importance. Si, far the head-1iieiiiber 1s Concerned these iii allures by reason of the Probably many of' the Jiailures, today at-V ributed 0 segregaieii or piping, are caused by Iche seems. have conceived oi yreiiim'ing the skin from lle bar and thereby 'melding these failures in JIhe rails, and I have Successfully accomplished this result by hiy process in which the bar is heated ai least eo a red heat, but better te a higher or reilizg temperature, and the skin re moved therefrom by any suitable machine er trol such as a miller, er by any other suitabie means.

y process is Very simple and economical and deeirabin is pracoised W Ache har is beiiig rolled down into the rail. Prefer ably she ingr/' or bloom is irst pui', through rmighing passes and rolled down to a eert-aiii extent, the skin is then eut, or milled, from he entire surface ef the bar, or from so much thereof es may be desirable and ihe rolling their completed, whereby, not only are he seams renewed, 'but the portion ef the bar from which the softer skin has yh milled,l ie subjected to Jche rolling muori, and therefore his rolling action, which eoiideiises and hardeiis the surface, is wlmi-ieri ne @bhe high Carbon steel of the body Si the bar Where it is moet fleeirable.

'if he slziri might he removed initially in ihe bloem or at any Convenient time het ii is not desirable to do it toe efrrly in the g operation, for a deep eut would be ieeesrsary; if the har 'were teo hot, it might become ghistie, gum up the tool; if done too late, he long Contact of the miller with the would be (.bjeetioiiable and the rapid ing rif the har -would make it too hard 43.0 cui, therefore l suggest that my process be applied to the bar when it is about 75% grilled, more or less, for', at about this point, the rolling .ogeratiem neither. are the seams ite@ deep 'nor is the bar to long; But de het limi*u myself to any Aparieular pei-ini in he rolling operation for this is moral and is merely e question of sel to any particular machine or form of machine, but l have shown herewith diagrams of a suitable machine, in order better my process.

to explain my invention.

Figure l is a side elevation of a suitable mill-ing, or cutting, machine to be used in Fig. 2 is the plan of a rail mill showing Where the, milling machine maybe located and its relation to the various stands or sets of rolls. Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangementI of two opposite cutters, or millers when .it is desired to cut the skin from opposite sides of the bar simultaneously. Fig. Li, an arrangement with two pairs of millers, one pair set inadvance of the other to cut the skin .from the entire surface;

` Fig.- 5 shows the seamsl in a partially rolled bar. Fig. (i 1s a similar -view ater the skin which may tically is illustrated in Fig.

illustrates a rail has been milled from the center o the base and of the head. Figs. 7 and 8 show crescent breaks in a 'rail flange. Fig. 9 'shows how these breaks start from the seams and head that has begun to ilow. Fig. 10 illustrates in elevation the use of e plurality of millers. ln the figures l is the miller, or tool, of suitable thickness, for instance three inches more or less, for removing a suiiicient Width of skin from the bar to be operated on, for instance from the rail base portion of the bar. The'miller is carried in a bearing 2 desirably be adjustable vertically olithe base 3, to make the proper depth of 'cut in the bar 4, (or in bars of various guided in guide 5 between the pinch-'rolls 6, in usuel housings 7 and operated by usual means. Means for adjusting the miller rerl wherein the axle of the miller is journaled in block 2 i'itted to a suitable vertical slideway in the bearing 3 to be raised and lowered by rotation of the supporting screw 3G threaded to a supportl on the base 3. A hand wheel 33 may be provided on the adjusting screw 30 and at its end it may be provided with a flange 3l fitted to' a slot in the bean ing bloc t 2wl1creby thescrew and block are connected to niove together vertically. These. pinch-rolls are slor.7 driven rollers merely provided for passing the bar through the miller. If oney miller is not enough to keep up with the speed of the mill rolls, then two or three may be used-to out each thirty or twenty feet of the'bar, more or less. 'When each has milled its own section of the bar, then the rolls maybe speeded up to carry the bar through quickly to avoid delay. my process may be practised Without substantial delay in the mill.

ln Fig. 2, the ,plan ota mill, l0, li and 12 indicate respectively the iirst, second and third blooming rolls, through which the har is put any' suitable number of times', then it is transferred to the roughinf" rolls 1.3 for uii'cient passes and at 14 .is ptt througil;

ing igures is necessary.

`.the center of the base ZG for s. Width to remove are -c used the crescent breaks sizes,

a bearing For ' Liemeer milling, or cutting machin-ete mili oil' the slrin on one or both sides. "Pleat the bar to the rst and second lin. ing rolls "5 e. 16 to produce the finished rnii. this arrangement is not p be modified as convenient. are merely diagrams shot-Ji two and four millers -nl tivov opposite sides or the *four s.des of the bar.

Little further explanexion or' the remainlig. is a section ol aI partially rolled bar, sind is irony. an actual bar, showing the seains beto they have been cut away. g. 6 the' r bar from which the skin has been mill those seams, which een into the base cracks El or" Fig. 9, l

ci and 8. in Fig. 9 is also shown' how the softer steelslrin on the heads lot or shells ed in long ragged fragments, and remedy this the skin has been removed ,troni head at 23.

, As aforesaid, the bar or the its defective surface must be li least a red heet, and the most de is what is known as rolling "f and therefore it makes it possi tice my operation in connection process of rolling. l". consider this one g merit of my process nam: that it may applied during the rol.

moral 'or ed to et able for While it might be practised as a separate process; it would then be too expensive.

To sum up, by my process o'l removing the skin l do two things which l believe' iave never before been even attempted. l eliminate the seams and else the partially decarburised surface, so that the ealrs due to the seams are avoided. and that the 'higher carbon steel of the body ofi the reil, the true steel so to speel-, is finished' for the bearing surface' of the il" strength or" rails is end has Viretoiore 11o calculated on true steel, but, on account of the seams and the partially der-"trburized s face skin, the calculated resul s never attained. By my process the result may be approximated. lt may oe seid that its by removing the skin from the head there is a gain in service', by' removing rrom the base, a gainin safety.

This process is of particular value? `for improving the condition4 of rails and I have therefore described it in connection with rails, but l have used the rolling or' railsl merely as an illustration, for my process may he applied to forni ol" rolled bar from which it may be desirable to remove theslriii' i 'f in whole or in part, for instance bars which are not to be machined, such as drop forgings, etc., and partico ly bars exposed to vibration, and altern stresses, .es relie 'l do not limit any 'partieu1 lil form of machine or of miller or tool. The drawings show diagrammatically a machine that has heen practically used, but that .may

be much varied Without departing from' the surit of my invention, y:for my process may e practised by diiierent forms of machines.

claim,

l. The process or treating "on or steel bars to eliminate the partially deearburized surface and the defects therein, which consists in Working and removing the surface from at least a portion or' the bar, While the bar is at a K temperature of at least a red heat.

' which consists in partially reducing the bar by rolling, then removing at least a portion ot the snrace, then completing the rolling operation. v

down the ingot into a loar process of treating iron or steel 4. The process of treating iron 'or steel bars during the operation of rolling to remove the softer, partially decarburized surface and to eliminate the superficial seams, which consists in heating the bar to a. rolling temperature, partially reducing the bar by rolling, cutting at least a portion of the surface' from the bar, along longitudinal lines substantially from end to end, then completing the rolling operation.

The process of removing the surface from hars of iron or steel to eliminate the partially decarlourized, softer surface portion and the defects therein, which consists in performing about seventy-live per cent. of the rolling operation on the bar, then immediately cutting at least a portion of the surface from the bar in longitudinal lines from end to end then immediately completing the rolling operation.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

THOMAS H. MATH-ias. Witnesses "W. J. BRYAN, JOHN Bunny. 

